Type-writing machine.



F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLIOATION FILED O0T.16, 1900.

Patented May 28, 1912.

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Bede z'w W F. W. HILLARD.

TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00w. 16, 1900.

1,027,843, Patented May 28, 1912.

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F. W. HILLARD. TYPE WRITING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.16, 1900.

Patented May 28, 1912.

3 SHEBTSSHEET 3.

COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH 430.. WASHINGTON. D. c.

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TYPE-WRITING MACHINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 28,1912.

Original application filed May 18, 1894, Serial No. 511,685. Divided and this application filed October 16,

' To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, Fnnonnro W. HIL- LARD, a resident of Tottenville, in the county of Richmond and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Type-lVriting Machines, of

v to several of its features, many advantages in common with the escapements described in my prior patents, viz :No. 554,874, dated February 18, 1896; No. 57 7,982, dated March 2, 1897, and No. 580,281, dated April 6, 1897 v to which patents reference is hereby made for a disclosure of the general principles involved in the action of the escapement.

I will in the accompanying specification and claims particularly point out and claim the several features particular to this invention and which I desire to protect by Letters Patent.

Referring to the accompanying drawings in which corresponding parts are designated by similar marks of reference :-Figure 1 is a plan view of the machine with the carriage removed and the rack partly broken away. The general arrangement is that 111 use on the Remington typewriter. Fig. 2

. is a sectional side elevation of the machine 1 shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a rear elevation of Figsl and 2. Fig. 4 is a detail view of the reciprocating rack and the method of mounting it. Fig. 5 is a perspective view of V the escapement parts in their normal position. Figs. 6, 7 and 8 are positional detail views ofthe escapement. Figs. 9, 10, 11' and 12 are diagrammatic views, showlng the pos1t1on ofescapement parts at dlfierent periods in the cycle of movement of the escapement.

In the drawings I have shown my improved escapement as adapted to be ape plied to a machine of the general Remington type, although it is obvious that the imthe usual manner.

Serial No. 33,264.

proved escapement is adapted for use with other types of machines.

The dog-rocker-frame 1 is mounted on pivot centers 2 on the machine frame and is rocked thereon by the depression of each key through a transverse or universal bar 50 in The dog-rocker-frame carries a normally engaged movable, pivoted or flexible spring actuated feeding dog 3 and a normally disengaged fixed, rigid or hold ing dog 4, the terms normally engaged and normally disengaged having reference to the engagement and disengagement of the respective dogs with the rack 5 when the keys are in their normal position and the machine is at rest. Then the dog-rockerframe is swung in, as by the depression of a key, the dog 3 is disengaged from the rack and the dog 4 engaged therewith. As the two dogs are slightly staggered in relation to each other, the rack will advance slightly under the pull of the usual main-spring when released from the dog 3, and before contacting with dog 4, and this movement will be generally suflicient to permit dog 3, upon return of the parts to normal position, to enter therack and engage therewith at the tooth immediately behind the one with which it was in engagement at the beginning of the stroke, thus permitting the rack and the parts with which it is connected to move forward a complete space. To insure this reengagement of dog 3, I may, as illustrated in the several figures showing the details of my escapement, bevel the rear faces of the rack teeth and dogs, as at 3 4 and 5, whereby thin edges are formed on such parts as described and claimed in my Patent #580,281 hereinbefore referred to. This reengagement is also insured by mounting the normally engaged dog 3 upon the top of the rocker by a vertical pivot or screw 6 so that its rack-engaging. end 7 can vibrate transversely to the line of feed of the rack, relatively to the normally disengaged dog, whereby when the end 7 is started into the rack to engage the tooth in the rear of that from which it wasdisengaged, it can yield a little on its pivot 6 to permit dog 4 to be withdrawn from the rack. This provision for transversely vibrating one dog on its pivot relatively to the other is made because the two dogs are staggered with relation to each other only slightly, and because in rapid writing the rack will would be printed the one over the other.

- The vertical pivot 6 removes this difliculty and permits dog 4 to be freely withdrawn from the rack. The pivotal movement of end 7 of dog 3 is controlled by spring 8, whichis fastened to the rocker frame 1 by screw 9, and is also controlled by the limiting pin 10 upon the top of the rocker-frame. To still further obviate the difiiculty of properly engaging and disengaging the two dogs a space is left between the adjacent edges of the two dogs of a width a little less than the width of the rack, this being well known.

The carriage controlling face 11 upon the end of the normally engaged dog 3 and the carriage controlling faces 12 on the teeth of the rack, which engage with the face 11 in the normal or unused condition of the machine, the carriage controlling face 13 on the normally disengaged dog 4 and the carriage controlling faces 14 on the teeth.

of the rack which engage therewith, are all located in planes oblique to the direction of the feeding movement of the spaced member and oblique to the line of movement of the spacing member, (viz: the dogs); or in other words I have beveled or inclined the carriage controlling faces on both dogs, as well as the carriage controlling faces of the rack teeth engaging therewith. One controlling face of each matching pair of controlling faces may be left unbeveled. This beveling or inclination of the controlling faces and its function will now be discussed.

In my Patent #554,874, hereinbefore referred to, I have shown an escapement wherein a beveled or inclined face is employed to cont-r01 the movement, in the line of the feed, of the dog with which the rack is being engaged prior to the printing, and thus to control the position and movement of the rack at such times, the parts being so adjusted that if a quick or staccato blow is struck on the key the carriage will not be retracted, whereas, if a slow or legato blow is struck, so that the carriage has time to space forward through a greater distance before the impact of the type, than if a staccato blow has been struck, the carriage will be cammed back or retracted sufficiently to properly position the imprint on the paper, and I have in my said patent broadly claimed this invention. I have also in my said prior Patent #580,281 shown a mechanism in which this camming back is efiected under like conditions by means of engaging parts which act upon and control the movement of the dog with which the rack is be ing engaged prior to the printing. In each of these two patents, however, it will be seen that the'engaging faces that control the movement of the dog as aforesaid, are outside of the engaging parts of the escapement itself, (2'. e. the rack and dog) and act to move the rack rearwardly only by moving both the spaced part and the spacing part of the escapement in the line of feed. In my escapement here shown I use an inclined or beveled face, such as is shown in my said Patent #554,874, for controlling the feed of the spaced member of the escapement; but instead of placing it outside of the escapement, as is done in that patent, I

.in its line of feed is controlled without movement of the spacing part or parts in its or their line of feed. This, as it permits the use of a rigid dog or rack, simplifies the escapement. It is desirable that the normally engaged faces in the two members of the escapement be in planes parallel with each other irrespective of whether-or not they are beveled.

By a beveled or inclined carriage controlling face I mean a face located obliquely to the line in which one of the members of the escapement moves for effecting a disengagement of the said face from, or the engagement of the said face with the part with which it contacts, whereby the part of the face in engagement with the other member will be located at successive intervals of the engagement at different points relatively to the line of feed of the spaced member, so that the position of the spaced member may be varied as the said face is more or less fully engaged. This inclination or beveling of one or both engaging members permits, when an inclined face is in the escapement when in normal position, the carriage to be advanced in the line of its feed for printing while the disengagement of the parts is taking place and such inclination or beveling when in the escapement at about the instant of printing may also be instrumental in effecting many other important functions, as for example the retraction of the spaced member and the restoration of working parts to their normal positions by aid of the carriage propelling power as set forth normal position.

in my patents hereinbefore referred to. Of course rounded or curved faces are the equivalents of plane beveled faces.

Referring to the drawings it will be seen that I place a beveled carriage controlling face 11 on the dog 3 and a beveled carriage controlling face 13 on the dog 4, the said faces being located on those sides of the dogs that oppose the forward movement of the rack, and on the adjacent edges of the said dogs. In Figs. 6 and 9 the parts are shown in their normal position of rest, the rack being held by the beveled controlling face 11 of-the pivoted dog 3, this relation of the parts being maintained by the usual rocker-frame returning-spring 46. In Figs. 7 and 11 a key has been depressed and the rocker frame has moved in the direction of the arrow pointing downward in Fig. 10, disengaging the controlling face 11 and engaging the dog 1, the rack now resting on the beveled face 13 of the last named dog, it having run down the beveled face 11, having been given a feeding movement due to the beveled face 11 and the staggering of the two dogs. This feed is shown in Figs. 7 and 11 by the edge of the controlling face 11 being slightly in the rear of the edge of the rack tooth from which it was disengaged. Fig. 10 shows a stage between the positions shown in Figs. 6 and 9,. and 7 and 11, and in this figure the escapement parts are in the position they occupy when a key has been partly depressed (say two-thirds). The controlling face 11 has just escaped from the rack tooth 5 and while the rack tooth has spaced forward by the amount of the bevel of the faces 11 and 12, it has not had time to drop the additional distance to bring it against the controlling face 13, but is advancing as shown by the arrow pointing to the left; so that at about the instant of printing the parts may, if the blow has been a comparatively slow one, have the position shown in Fig. 11 in which the rack rests on the beveled face 13 on the dog. The pull of the carriage main spring tending to advance the carriage in the line of printing is now transinitted through the beveled face 13 to throw the rocker frame rearwardly on its pivots (it being aided in this by the pull of the rocker frame returning spring) and this tendency is transmitted through the universal bar 50 to the depressed key lever and the type bar connected therewith, acting as a repulser to throw up the finger of the operator, and to move the type bar toward This repulser action of the fingers and type bars by the main spring I have fully described in my prior Patent No. 580,281 and in my other prior Patent No. 616,84t0, dated Dec. 27, 1898. If, however, the operator should fail to raise her finger when warned by the repulser effect the rack and the inclined face thereon will serve as a wedge to cam the rack rearwardly against the tension of the carriage main spring. This camming of the rack rearwardly and the escapem'ent retraction of the carriage with a legato blow is fully eX- plained in my prior Patents #554,874: and 580,281 and the advantages thereof are there fully set out. As with the adjustment of the parts in a Remington machine the rack is disengaged from the normally engaged dog on a partial depression of a key, say one half or two thirds, and as in that ma chine the printing with a quick staccato blow occurs at about the same time, while with a legato blow the printing does not occur until a later period of the depression of a key, the utility of the retraction of the carriage with a legato blow to compensate for the greater space the rack has time to feed through, over the spaceit feeds through with a staccato blow, for preventing blurring, will be evident.

The beveled carriage controlling faces 11 and 13 of the dogs, or faces 12 and 14 of the rack engaging therewith, constitute a means for effecting a quick movement of the rack in the line of feed, and the beveled faces 13 or 14 brought into engagement at about the instant of printing serve to also aid in disengaging the dog 4 from the rack and reengaging dog 3 therewith, and for lifting the keys and pulling down the typebars by aid of the mainspring; and such beveled or inclined carriage controlling faces 13 and 14 also constitute a means for retracting the rack by the keys, in case of over feed of the rack upon a legato blow. Preferably, however, and in order to operate the printing and spacing mechanism with the least exertion and at the highest speed the staccato blow which effects the printing upon a partial depression of the keys should be practised; for-the inclined faces are only arranged to retract the rack in case of an improper blow on the keys, resulting in overfeed of the rack, as it is obvious that, if the rack were to be retracted at every blow on the keys, such a device would retard the speed of the carriage feed instead of accelerating it, and would increase the labor of operating the escapement rather than decrease it. The staggering of the beveled dogs is therefore an important feature in the invention here shown, for it is due to this staggering that I-am enabled, with the two beveled dogs here shown, to operate the escapement with a staccato blow without retracting the rack.

In Figs. 8 and 12 I have shown the parts in the position which they occupy when the keys are returning to normal position after release. It will be seen that the beveled face 18 of dog 4 is being withdrawn from the rack 5 (as is indicated by the arrow pointing upward) and that this has permitted the rack to feed forward as indicated by the arrow pointing to the left in Fig. 12, the end of dog 3 having been swung on its pivot 6 by contacting with the side of the tooth, if the rack has not advanced sufiiciently to prevent butting. The feeding movement of the rack after the printing therefore starts, with the legato blow, upon the commencement of the disengagement of dog 4 from the rack, which is simultaneously with the release of the keys. Such initial feed of the rack being effected by the beveling of the dog, it is obviously under control of the key and depends upon the'movement of the latter. This return movement of the rocker frame to normal position will .be extremely rapid, inasmuch as it is effected by the continued pull of the rocker-frame returningspring and the main spring, so that the dog 3 will have fully entered into the rack before the rack will have advanced sufliciently to bring the next tooth against the controlling face 11 of that dog.

The rack 5 is provided with two series of controlling faces upon the side opposing the forward feeding movement of the carriage, viz., the beveled faces 12 and 14 which engage with the correspondingly beveled dog faces 11 and 13. These two series of controlling faces on the rack teeth constitute in effect two series of ratchet teeth, and, although both series are upon a single rack bar, I consider them as being two separate parts or elements in one member of the escapement which alternately engage with the other member; and in a similar manner I consider the two dogs 3 and 4 to be two parts or elements in one member which alternately engage with the other member.

It will be obvious from the above that my rack bar differs from the ordinary rack bar hertofore in common use upon the Remington typewriter, in the following respect Ordinarily the rack bar heretofore has been provided with but a single set of-teeth, cut through the bar from side to side thereon, so that the dogs in their movement transverse of the bar for effecting the spacing, enter and leave the rack teeth at the sides thereof. On my rackbar, on the other hand, there are two series of teeth, having their tips or points at the sides of the bar, the tips of each series facing outwardly on the opposite sides of the bar so that the tips of the one series face away from the tips of the other series. WVith this construction the dogs, in their transverse movement for effecting the spacing, enter and leave the teeth at their tips instead of at their sides as in the ordinary bar referred to. It is, however, imma- 'terial to my invention whether the dogs enter the teeth of the rack from the sides thereof or from the tips. In many typewriter escapements heretofore in use the dogs enter the ratchet teeth from the sides, while in many other escapements the dogs enter the ratchet teeth from the tips, and my herein described invention is equally applicable with both styles of escapements.

The spring 8 is mounted upon the rockerframe 1, being fastened thereto by screw 9 as above stated and pressing against dog 3 holds the dog normally in contact with limiting pin 10, which is inserted in the top of the rocker frame. Dog 3 is thus spring pressed toward dog 4 and can yield on its pivot 6 while dog 4 is being disengaged, as was previously described. The limiting pin 10 is so positioned on the rocker that the open space between the edges of the two dogs adjacent to each other is a little narrower than the width of the rack, so as to insure that the dog which is being moved into engagement with the rack shall be safely positioned in the path of the rack beand at the same time to permit of a quick exchange of the meshing of the dogs with the rack, such adjustment of the width of the space between the dogs being well known.

I will'now proceed to describe my method of applying my herein described escapement to the typewriter, and its connection with the other parts and mode of operation upon the machine, but for the sake of clearness I will first describe in a brief and general manner the typewriter itself.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, the key levers 15 are mounted on the base frame 16, being pivoted in the ordinary manner at the rear of the machine by any suit able and convenient means, as for instance, upon the shaft 17; and at their front ends they are provided with the usual keys 18. Upon the top plate 19 of the machine is mounted the carriage 20 which is secured at the rear to guide rod 21, for movement thereon crosswise of the'typewriter. The carriage may be mounted upon and fastened to guide rod 21 by the usual and well known means provided for such purpose. I have shown it mounted upon the guide rod by two lugs 22, which permit it to feed lengthwise on the rod, as well as to be swung upwardly and back to inspect the writing, etc., and so that it is permanently attached to the machine and not liable to be disconnected therefrom accidentally. At its front the carriage is provided with roller 23 which travels upon the front carriage rod 24 for feeding the carriage. The front rod 24 is mounted upon two brackets 25 which at their lower ends are pivoted upon rod 26, so that when rocked upon their pivot 26 the brackets will cause fore the other dog is disengaged therefrom,

the front rod 24 to vibrate from the front of the machine toward the rear of the machine, or vice versa. The guide rod 21 is also mounted at the upper ends of two brackets 27, at either side of the machine, and at their lower ends the brackets 27 are mounted upon pivot rod 28. Upon either side of the top plate I provide connecting rods 29, one connecting rod being connected with the brackets 25 and 27 on the left hand side of the machine, and the other coimecting rod being connected with the brackets 25 and 27 on the right hand side of the machine. It will thus be seen that force applied to one of the front rod brackets 25 will be transmitted through pivot rod 26 and the front rod 24 to the other bracket 25, thereby causing the two brackets. 25 25, to swing in unison so that the entire carriage front rod 24 is swung rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine, in the usual and well known manner; and since the rear brackets 27 are connected with the front brackets 25 by means of connecting rods 29 the vibratory movement of the front brackets will be transmitted to the rear brackets, thereby causing the carriage front rod 24 and the carriage guide rod 21 to oscillate rearwardly and frontwardly upon the typewriter in unison with each other and also causing the carriage 20 to vibrate as a whole rearwardly and frontwardly with the front rod 24 and guide rod 21.. I

By the above described means I am enabled to shift my platen 3O rearwardly upon the machine to print upper case characters and frontwardly upon the machine to print lower case characters. The carriage is normally held in its frontward or lower case printing position, and is controlled therein by spring 31 which is attached to the front end of the frontwardly extending arm 32 upon the lower end of the left hand bracket 25. Extending toward the rear at the lower end of the same bracket is arm 33 which is connected with carriage shift rod 34. At its lower end the rod 34 is attached to the shifting key lever, 15*, which key lever is pivoted at the rear of the typewriter and is provided upon its front end with carriage shift key 35. By depressing shift key 35 spring 31 is overcome and the brackets 25 and 27, together with the carriage front rod 24 and carriage guide rod 21 are shifted rearwardly, thereby moving the carriage to upper case printing position. The rack frame 36 is connected to guide rod 21 and to the carriage so as to move rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine with the carriage. The rack 5 forming the carriage member of the escapement is mounted at its upper edge upon pivots 37 which connect it with the rack frame 36 forming a holder for the rack, and at its lower edge it is controlled by the rack guide 38, so that the lower toothed edge of the rack bar is held in engagement with dog 3, with which it normally engages, while the upper edge of the rack bar vibrates with the carriage rearwardly and frontwardly upon the machine, when the carriage is shifted to upper case and lower case printing positions. The rack guide is mounted upon its pivot 39, set in a bracket provided for the purpose upon the machine, and at its lower end is provided with the rearwardly extending arm 40 which at its rearward extremity is connected with spring 41, the spring 41 being fastened at its lower end to the base frame 16 and tending to always draw down the rearwardly extending arm 40 and thereby swing rearwardly the upwardly extending vibratory end which controls the rack. The rearward movement of the rack guide is limited by a hdoked latch 42, said latch being fastened to the frame of the typewriter by a screw or pin 43. The rocker frame 1 is pivotally mounted upon brackets 44, provided for the purpose upon the base frame 16 of the machine. One branch of the rocker frame extends upwardly and at its upper extremity carries the dogs 3 and 4 and the parts connected therewith as above described. At its lower extremity the rocker frame is provided with the rearwardly extending arm 45 to which is attached the rocker frame returning spring 46, said spring being attached at its lower end to the base frame 16 and always tending to rock the dog rocker rearwardly.

The arm 47 extends frontwardly and supports cross bar 48, said cross bar being connected at either end with rods 49 which extend downwardly and at their lower ends are threaded into a universal bar 50. The universal bar 50 passes under all the key levers 15 in the usual manner so as to limit the rearward movement of the dog rocker 1 under the influence of returning spring 46, and so as to swing the rocker inwardly to disengage dog 3 from the rack and move dog 4 into engagement therewith. To each key lever a type-bar connecting rod 51 is attached, the upper end of each connecting rod being attached to an adjusting screw 52, the several adjusting screws 52 being threaded into the pivotal ends of the type bars 53. The function of adjusting screws 52 will be hereinafter described. Upon the depression of any of the keys 18 the carriage feeds slightly during the period the dog 3 is being disengaged from the rack, due to the fact that the rack runs down the beveled controlling face 11 on the dog. The dog 3, as in the ordinary and usual adjustment of the Remington typewriter, is gradually withdrawn from the rack, but is preferably not entirely disengaged until the key has been depressed to such an extent as to drive its type bar 53 nearly to the printing point on the platen 30. After dog 3 has been wholly disengaged, and while dog 4 is being driven into the rack, the carriage is free to continue its feeding movement and to advance, while the type is driven to print, until the beveled controlling face 14 of a rack tooth collides with the corresponding beveled controlling face 13 of the dog 4, as above described. Hence the character and extent of the carriage feed prior to the printing, as well as the position of the carriage at the instant thereof, is governed by the extent to which beveled carriage c011- trolling face 13 is driven into the rack. I have accordingly provided adjustments between the escapement and the keys collectively, as well as between the type bars and the keys individually, whereby the extent to which beveled face 13 will be driven by the keys into engagement with correspondingly beveled faces 14, may be varied when the several type bars 53 are driven to the printing point.

In the ordinary Remington construction, the means provided for drawing the dogs through the rack teeth to the extent desired for insuring letter spacing between the printed letters, consist in the adjustments provided for lengthening and shortening the connecting wires between the universal bar and the escapement, and in the adjustments provided for lengthening and shortening the connecting wires between the key levers and the type bars. I may use similar adjustments in connection with my herein described escapement, but the connections and adjustments between the escapement and the key levers, and between the key levers and the type bars, perform an additional function .in the operation of my escapement, which function is to properly position the carriage for printing with each of the keys by aid of the beveled carriage controlling faces, in opposition to the carriage propelling power. With my escapement, the position of the carriage when the type is brought to the platen for printing, depends upon the extent to which the beveled face 13 of dog 4 is engaged with a correspondingly beveled face 14 of a rack tooth; and, since the extent of such engagement is determined by the extent to which the dogs are drawn through the rack by the depression of the keys for printing, it follows that the printing position of the carriage is governed by the lengths of the connecting wires 49 between the cross bar 48 and the universal bar 50, and by the lengths of the connecting wires 51 between the key levers 15 and the type bars 53. Consequently, as the carriage should be at a common point for printing with each of the several type, the connecting wires 49 and 51 should all be carefully adjusted to the proper lengths, so that the beveled face 13 will be engaged with a beveled face 14 to the same extent by each key when depressed for printing. Owing to the great importance of proper positioning the carriage for printing with the style of escapement shown herein, I have also provided for the purpose a novel and advantageous means for adjusting each type bar independently of all other type bars; such means consisting in the adjusting screws 52 which I have threaded into the pivotal ends of the several type bars 53. These adjust-ing screws can be screwed into and out of the type bars, thereby lengthening or shortening the leverage by which the keys actuate the type bars, whereby the speed at which a type bar will be driven to the printing point by its connected key may be varied relatively to the speed at which the dogs are driven through the rack thereby. After the printing, the carriage is instantly partially released to begin its feeding movement when the finger pressure is removed from the key; the beveled carriage controlling face 13 of the dog, and the carriage controlling faces 14 of the rack teeth, constituting a means for effecting a quick movement of the rack in the line of feed during the disengagement of dog 4 therefrom, as above described.

It very often happens With escapements heretofore in use, that when operating the machine at high speed, the holding dog when being brought into engagement with the rack will butt against the sides of the rack teeth, being still opposite to the tooth from which it had previously escaped, there not having been time for the carriage to move forward far enough to bring the succeeding blank tooth space in line with the dog. I have provided against the difficulty, first by providing means for permitting the feed of the rack to commence simultaneously with depression of a key and secondly by connecting the rack with the carriage by means such that the rack feeds with the carriage but at a relatively higher rate of speed under the pull of the carriage propelling power, whereby the teeth of the rack are drawn more rapidly out of the path of the dog. This connection of the rack with the carriage is of value with many of the escapements now in use, but is especially applicable for use in connection wit-h an escapement which in case of overfeed retracts the rack in opposition to the propelling power. For this purpose the rack 5 is journaled in the rack frame 36 to reciprocate therein endwise upon its journals 37 its endwise movement in the carriage being limited in one direction by the abutment 36 of the rack. frame, and in the other direction by the opposite abutment 36'. A link 59 has its one end 59 pivoted to the carriage, and its opposite end 59 connected withthe rack. At a point 59 intermediate the ends thereof, the link is connected to the band 58 of the carriage main spring. As shown in the drawings, the point of connectionof the link with the band 58 is about one third of the length of the link away from the carriage end 59" thereof, and two thirds of the length of the link distant from the rack connecting end 59 thereof; so that, when the rack is being fed relatively to the carriage by the propelling power, two-thirds of the force of the propelling power is exerted on the carriage to advance the carriage and one-third of said force is exerted upon the rack to advance the rack. But the rack is relatively so much lighter in weight than the carriage that the said one-third of the force applied thereto feeds the rack at a higher rate of speed than the rate at which the other two-thirds of said force feeds the carriage. Therefore when a dog is in engagement with the rack, so that the rack cannot be drawn forward by the propelling power, the propelling power will pull the carriage forward until abutment 36 rests against the end of the rack, which is the normal position of the parts. lVhenever the rack is released by the dogs it will feed forward with the carriage, but at a higher rate of speed than the carriage, so that the rack will draw ahead of abutment 36 and toward abutment 36 until the rack is again caught and held by a dog, when the carriage will again overtake the rack and abutment 86 will rest against the end of the rack in the normal position of the parts. Upon the depression of a key, therefore, the normally engaging dog will first be disengaged from the rack and the rack fed forward by the propelling power until it comes into contact with the nor mally disengaged dog at. During this movement the rack feeding faster than the carriage will draw ahead of abutment 86 as above described. But in case the key is still further depressed, after the contact of the rack with dog l, the rack will, owing to the beveling of the engaging faces of its teeth be retracted in opposition to the propelling power, as hereinbefore described. Since only a portion of the force of the propelling power is exerted to feed the rack relatively to the carriage (about one-third as shown in the drawing), it is obvious that the rack may be retracted by the application thereto of a correspondingly small force by the blow on the keys. But since the carriage will still be feeding forward during such retraction of the rack, it is also obvious that after the carriage shall have overtaken the rack, so that the abutment 86 will rest against the end of the rack, the full force of the propolling power will oppose itself to a further retraction of the rack by the blow on the keys. Hence it is apparent that in the first case the rack can be retracted by the application thereto of a force less than the force of the propelling power for positioning the carriage, but proportioned to the part of the latter force which is exerted for feeding the rack; whereas in the second case the rack can only be retracted by the applica tion thereto of a force greater than the force of the propelling power for positioning the carriage. I have therefore shown a construction in which the spaced member of the escapement is movable with the carriage and relatively thereto in the line of the feed by the carriage propelling power, and in which the spaced member can be retracted in opposition to the carriage pro pelling power by the application to the spaced member of a force less powerful than the carriage propelling power for positioning the carriage, and in which the rack feeds at a higher rate of speed than the rate at which the carriage moves in feeding during the depression of the keys; whereby the liability of abutting of the dogs against the sides of the rack teeth in rapid writing is lessened, and whereby in conjunction with the beveled carriage controlling faces in the escapement, a power reducing mechanism is had for governing the propelling power and retracting the rack by the application to the latter of a force less powerful than the carriage propelling power, but proportionate to the reducing mechanism between the propelling power and rack. By a power reducing mechanism, for retracting the rack in opposition to the carriage propelling power, I mean a mechanism between the rack and the carriage propelling power whereby only a portion of the force of the propelling power is transmitted to the rack for feeding it, so that the force which must be applied to the engaging teeth of the rack to retract the rack, while necessarily greater than the portion of the propelling power which operates to feed the rack, may be less than the total active force of the propelling power. And it will be understood that, (while I show a rack in the escapement now under discussion, which is connected with the carriage propelling power by reducing mechanism, so that the propelling power may be overcome by a force applied to the rack teeth through the dog which engages therewith, whereby the rack may be retracted by a force less than the total force of the propelling power,) I do not wish to limit my invention to retracting a rack; since it is obvious that the particular form of the part to be retracted is immaterial and that such part may consist either as a rack, plain or circular, or in a dog, or in any other known style of spaced member. It will also be understood that by the retraction of the spaced member I refer particularly to the retraction of the engaging part thereof, as say the teeth of a rack or the engaging face of a dog; this being true from the nature of the invention; since it is the engaging faces of the spaced member which are fed at a higher rate of speed than the carriage to avoid abutting in the intermeshing of the members, and it is the engaging faces of the spaced member which must be retracted to the proper carriage controlling position in case of over feed. Thus, while the rack bar 5 and the engaging teeth thereon are fed and retracted relatively to the carriage, the rack frame is not movable relatively to the carriage, during the feeding movement; whereas the link 59 is movable at one end with the carriage only and at the other end both with and relatively to the carriage, feeding at that end at the same rate as the rack, and intermediately between the two ends at gradually changing rate proportional to the distance from the carriage end and from the rack end of the bar respectively. Therefore, in the spaced member, while one part (the rack frame) moves with the carriage but not relatively thereto, and another part (the link) moves at varying rates, proportional to the leverage of the link at any given point, the engaging teeth of the rack bar feed with the carriage and at a higher rate of speed relatively thereto; and, whereas the rack frame can only be retracted by the application to the rack of a force greater than the total force of the carriage propelling power, the rack, when feeding relatively to the carriage, can be retracted by the application thereto of a force less than the total force of the propelling power. The rack, near the left hand end thereof, carries a frontwardly projecting arm 63 which extends over the guide rail 21 and is then bent downwardly until its front end lies only slightly above the top plate of the machine. Pivoted to the left hand side of the carriage frame is the release lever 61 which carries on its front end the release key 60 and has its rear end so placed that when the release key is depressed the rear end will engage with the rack arm 63 and rock the rack inwardly out of engagement from dog 3.' lVhen the carriage is lifted for inspection of the writing, however, the release lever does not engage with the rack arm. The rack may also be lifted up out of engagement from the dog by tilting up the rear end of the rack frame, as is customary with the Remington construction when the end of a line has been reached and before returning the carriage to the starting point for a new line. This is done when the platen is revolved by the line space lever (not shown), in order to avoid the clicking sound and wear in the escapement which occurs when the carriage is returned to the starting point by trippingthe dogs out of the rack.

Pivoted to the left hand end of the rackframe is the rack-stop 64, which is for preventing the rack from spacing forward in respect to the carriage when it is lifted out of engagement from dog 3 by the line space lever, or when it is swung sidewise out of engagement from dog 3 by the release lever 61. The stop 64: is provided with a rearwardly and forwardly extending branch. The forwardly extending branch is the heavier and therefore tends to drop down. It rests upon the top of the carriage sleeve which encircles the guide rail 21, and its front end curves overand down in front of the guide rail beside the end of the rack arm 63, where it is in position to be engaged by the release lever 61 when the release key 60 is depressed. The rearwardly extending branch of stop 64 is normally held up ust out of the path of rack journal 37 by the overbalancing weight of the forwardly extending branch. then, however, the rack frame 36 is tilted up by the line space lever, to lift the rack out of engagement from dog 3, the rack journal 37 is thereby lifted, so that journal 37 is brought into obstruct ve position relatively to stop 64L before the disengagement of the rack from dog 3, whereby the' rack is prevented by the stop from moving relatively to the carriage 1n the lineof feed while the carriage is released from control of the escapement. On the other hand when the release key 60 is depressed to free the rack from dog 3, the rear end of lever 61 is thereby raised up, and engages with rack arm 63 to swing the rack inwardly free of dog 3, and, simultaneously engaging with the forwardly extending branch of stop arm 64, throws down the rearwardly ex tending branch of the stop into path ofjournal 37 before the rack is swung inwardly far enough to free the rack from dog 3, whereby the stop is brought into obstructive position relatively to the rack and prevents movement of the rack in the line of feed relatively to the carriage while the carriage is released from control of the escapement. Hence in the one case the rack is moved into the path of the stop, and in the other the stop is moved into the path of the rack, but in both cases the spaced member and the stop are brought into relatively obstructive position to prevent movement of the spaced member relatively to the carriage in the line of feed while the carriage is out of control of the escapement.

In any case where the spaced member of the escapement is movable in the line of feed relatively to the carriage in the movement to effect the spacing of the carriage, it is desirable, in order to secure correct margins for the lines or columns of typewritten work, that a stop mechanism be provided, which, while not interfering with the relative movement of the spaced member, will accurately control the spaced member while the carriage is free of the escapement, so that upon the return of the carriage into the control of the escapement the carriage will be properly positioned for beginning the line or column of writing. I believe myself to be the first to have invented a stop mechanism, for use in connection with a spaced member of the escapement feeding with the carriage and relatively thereto in the line of feed, which can be brought into obstructive relation with the spaced member to control the spaced member while the carriage is free of the escapement, and which can be freed from obstructive relation with the spaced member, whereby the spaced member can be moved with the carriage and relatively thereto in the line of feed, and wherein the part which is moved into obstructive position is key actuated in at least one direction; and by the term key actuated I mean to include any mechanical equivalent of a key, as for instance the line space lever above referred to.

While I have shown the several features of my escapement as applied to controlling, through the medium of a straight rack, the feed of a paper carriage, it will be obvious that a circular rack or escapement wheel may be substituted therefor, both of such modifications being shown in my said Patent #580,281, and in the claims I accordingly use the term rack as a generic expression to cover any form thereof; and it is obvious that instead of the movable paper carriage shown herein I may use a movable type carriage (and in the claims I accordingly use the term carriage as a generic expression to cover any form of spaced member carrying one of the parts of the printing elements; 2'. 6., either the type or the platen) and it is obvious that instead of mounting the dog rocker on the machine frame and the rack on the carriage, the position of the parts maybe reversed and the rack mounted on the machine and the dog rocker on the carriage, both modifications being shown in said Patent #580,281, (and in the claims I use the terms spaced member and spacing member as indicating broadly the moving member and the memher by which its movement is controlled, irrespective of which the above specified parts is moved with the carriage). All the above suggested alternative constructions are well known in connection with diflerent types of escapements.

In the claims I will use the term carriage holding face as designating a face in the escapement which holds the spaced member thereof against spacing at the instant of,

or prior to the printing. As however the timing of the parts vary with different blows on the keys as above described, I do not limit myself by the above term to a face which is always in engagement at the instant specified, but include thereby a face which is adapted by any one particular blow to be so'engaged. By the term carriage controlling face I intend to designate a face which controls the feeding movement of the spaced member so long as such face remains in engagement with the other member.

It will be obvious that my invention is of wide application and I therefore do not intend to limit myself to the precise details shown herein.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is 1. In a writing machine, the combination with the keys, of a carriage, a rack movable both with and in respect to the carriage in the line of feed, an escapement rocker including a pivoted spring actuated dog which normally engages with the rack, carriage propelling power for feeding the carriage and the rack step by step, a part in the escapement having an inclined controlling face for retracting the rack by a blow on a key, and a power reducing mechanism connecting the carriage and the rack, and enabling the rack to be retracted by the application thereto of a force less powerful than the carriage propelling power, substantially as described.

2. In a writing machine, the combination with the keys, a spaced member and a spacing member, of a propelling power for advancing the spaced member when released by the spacing member upon a blow on the key, and a power reducing mechanism be tween the propelling power and the spaced member for retracting the spaced member by force applied to the key less than the opposing said propelling power, substantially as described.

3. In a writing machine, the combination with the keys, a rack and a pivoted spring actuated dog which normally engages the rack, of a propelling power for advancing the rack when released by the dog member upon a blow on a key, a power reducing mechanism between the propelling power and the rack, and an inclined controlling face in the escapement co-acting with said power reducing mechanism for retracting the rack by force applied to the key less than the opposing said propelling power, substantially as described.

4:. In a writing machine, the combination with a key, of a carriage propelling power,

a carriage, an escapement therefor, c omprising a rack movable with the carriage and relatively thereto in the l1ne of feed, a

- carriage and with the carriage propelling end and intermediately with the carriage propelling power, substantially as described. 10 Signed by me in New York city, this lth day of October, 1900.

FREDERIC W. HILLARD. Witnesses:

H. G. H. l/VHITMAN, GEORGE H. GILMAN.

pivoted spring actuated dog which normally engages the rack, and a rigid dog normally disengaged from the rack, a power reducing mechanism connecting the rack with the power, said power reducing gearing comprising a lever connected with the carriage at one end and with the rack at the other Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. G. 

